Synthesis And Biological Use As Potential Anticancer Agents

Norcantharidin and analogues: synthesis and biological use as potential anticancer agents Norcantharidin (NCTD), the demethylated analogue of cantharidin, has been used to treat human cancers in China since 1984. It was recently found to be capable of inducing apoptosis in human colon carcinoma, hepatoma and glioblastoma cells by way of an elusive mechanism.1 Norcantatharidins and their analogues are synthetic anticancer agents which have been used in various different procedures for the inducing growth arrest and apoptosis of tumour cells and also provide therapeutic and adjuvant therapeutic applications in the treatment of cancer agents.2 This report will discuss the various different NCTD that are currently being studied, highlighting the synthesis of these NCTD and their various biological pathways that are taken in order to inhibit the growth of the correspondent cancer cell. In particular NCTD induced apoptosis of the hepatoma cells will be considered and also highlighting the different views with the synthesis of the particular NCTD and also the effectiveness of th e methodology and its observations in response to other NCTD and their mechanism in attacking the hepatoma cell site. One study by Shuijun Zhanga et al had shown the ABT-737 induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) by the transcriptional repression of Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1). Shuijun Zhanga et a. had shown that NCTD could affect apoptosis by the modification of the B-cell lymphoma 2Show MoreRelatedAnticancer Drugs : The Treatment Of Malignant Or Malignant Disease1642 Words   |  7 PagesAnticancer drugs are that are effective in the treatment of malignant or cancerous disease. These are known as antineoplastic drugs also. The drugs are involved in cancer treatment are several types. Such as-- †¢ Alkylating agents – busulfan, mechlorethamine etc. †¢ Antimetabolites – methotrexate, 6 mercaptopurine,5 fluorouracil etc. †¢ Natural products –vinca alkaloids, taxanes †¢ Hormones –tamoxifen, progestins These groups have also sub types. Without these common drugs nowadays a variety ofRead MoreEssay On Silver Nanotechnology864 Words   |  4 Pagesefficient material since ancient times for its microbicidal properties to treat diseases, such as, ulcer, chronic wounds, sepsis, acute epididymitis, tonsillitis, and infections and to prevent the eye diseases in infants.1,2 But with the passage of time use of Ag is reduced due to development of new antibiotics.3 However, an introduction of nanotechnology, nanoparticles during the last decade have proved that this element can be used in almost every field of application due to their tremendous behaviorRead MoreWhat Are The Importance Of Natural Products1361 Words   |  6 Pagessources. 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To this end, chemotherapy emerged as a prominent research field in the early 1960s and is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.1 Classical chemotherapeutics began with cisplatin and expanded to develop more potent second and third generation analogues, such as oxaliplatin and carboplatin (Figure 1).2,3 Classical chemotherapeuticsRead MoreAn Introduction Of An Oncolytic Virus ( Ov )1703 Words   |  7 Pageslysis, they release new infectious virus particles to help destroy other cancer cells or the remaining tumor. The viruses achieve this by a number of mechanisms, including direct lysis, apoptosis, expression of toxic particles, shutdown of protein synthesis, as well as the induction of anti-tumoral immunity. History of OVs In the 1950s, researchers noticed a reduction of tumors in mice also injected with the encephalitis virus [1]. 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In addition, in vitro â€Å"phage display† technology has been developed whereby a specific gene encoding a peptide/protein of interest can be inserted into the phage genome. The resulting peptide/protein is then â€Å"displayed† in the bacteriophage’s viral coat where it can be extracted for analysis. The biology of the bacteriophage, together with recent research studies and selected applications, is reviewed with respect to its potential role in

`` Architecture And The Crisis Of Modern Science ``

Alberto Perez Gomez, Peter Zumthor, and Steven Holl emphasize on the phenomenology in their design processes. Their compositions and beliefs are evidences of the power of phenomenon. In addition, they argue that the sensory experience between the architectural object and the audience of it should be complimentary. These designers are famous for reviving the emotion evoking spaces through expression of light and shadow, material, and intimate human perception. The manifestation of this theory will be discussed further through the analysis of two case studies: 1) Therme Vals in Switzerland by Peter Zumthor and 2) Nelson Atkins Art Museum in Kansas City by Steven Holl. Alberto Perez Gomez Challenges modern architecture in his book titled â€Å"Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science†, and he describes how modern architecture needs to restate its position towards creation of memories. In addition, he explains that modern architecture cannot believe in a meaningless structure because nothing in built form can be meaningless (Rykwert) [11]. Furthermore, he explains how human perception and the sensorial experience of a space is the origin of architectural program. He describes human body as the focus of all the rules in the world, and how human body is occupying space and time. Hence, this existence can push architecture to create and order that resonates with the body itself (Perez Gomez) [11]. There is a kind of flexibility between the human perception and the rigor inherentShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During Mid 19th Century843 Words   |  4 Pagesdrastically as advances in science and technology were proceeding to reshape the world. Beyond just transforming the society and its culture; industry, technology, and commerce, as agents of reforming the old social order, brought an immense demand for the urbanization of towns and cities. Consequently, the cities of Northern England went through an architectural metamorphosis of great scale. The Industrial revolution had opened many doors for the development of science and industry, however; thereRead MoreModernism And Modernism : Postmodernism And Postmodernism1632 Words   |  7 Pageswhen the arts music architecture literatures were changing where it came after enlightenment where to reject them. The master narratives and Meta narratives fall in the grand theory of history. The culture and natural identity: myths of culture and ethnic origin totalizing explanations in history science and culture to represent knowledge and explain everything. â€Å"Central to modernity is a paradox: the seventeenth and eighteenth century enlightenment values of reason and science and defeat traditionRead MoreThe Importance Of Architecture1512 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, architecture is much more than just the design of buildings and houses. 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Sandwiched in between Norway and Finland is that idealized  "elsewhere†, Sweden, with a strong government and thriving economy. It is not only solidly constructed but stunning to look at, with beautiful plant life and architecture to match. Sweden is sparsely populated with roughly 9.6 million people living comparatively good lives (with low crime rates, 18 month long parental leaves, and a high standard of living). It is famous for its neutral foreign policy and high taxesRead MoreThe Medieval Machine : The Industrial Revolution Of The Middle Ages1377 Words   |  6 Pagesgeographical, technological and ideological reasons prevented such advancements. Jean Gimpel also discusses technology that allowed Europeans to cultivate food in mass numbers. Jean Gimpel believes this technology sparked an agricultural revolution as well. Modern Harnesses to use horses to plow fields, which was found to be much more effective than oxen, temporary field fallowing, advance plows. Agricultural advancements allowed higher food production. Throughout h istory, when food production rises so does

The Effect Cedar Point Has on the Erie County Economy free essay sample

Victoria Stewart Although some people complain about the traffic in the summer, Cedar Point has a positive impact on the economy of Erie County Ohio. Thru tourism, expansion and charitable works they have improved the economy of the area a thousand times over. Each year Cedar Point draws millions of tourists to the area. Those tourists stay in hotels, eat at restaurants and buy souvenirs. â€Å"Tourists spent more than $1. 75 billion in the county in 2005, making it one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Midwest. (Cedar Point Infuses Ohio Town with Tourist, 2007). The influx of money helps pay for the year round infrastructure of the county; road repair, building maintenance and employment of the different businesses depend on the tourist money. There are now five indoor waterparks in Erie County. One of them is owned by Cedar Point. These are also big draws for tourists. However, they would not have come to this area without the draw that Cedar Point has already. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect Cedar Point Has on the Erie County Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first was Great Wolf Lodge, formerly great Bear Lodge. Then it was shortly followed by Kalahari, Rain Water Park, and Maui Sands. Castaway Bay is adjacent to one of the hotels Cedar Point owns. Cedar Point also employs about 400 people year round. That number jumps to about 2500 during the season. All of those people pay taxes to the City of Sandusky, as â€Å"The Point† is located within its 14 square mile area. A lot of the seasonal workers are here on temporary work visas and stay at housing provided by the company, but they definitely shop at the local mall and stores. Some people that live in the area complain about the jobs that Cedar Point brings. They are a lot of minimum wage, food service type jobs. They say that the type of jobs needed here are factory jobs. Most of the locals are glad of any jobs in this national economy. A new rollercoaster â€Å"The Gatekeeper† is being installed right now. Cedar Point’s investment into new rides also brings money to the county. They have always tried to use local businesses like Fireland’s Electric in their projects if at all possible. While the design of the coaster was from a Swiss firm, the parts were manufactured in Ohio and most of the laborers to install it are from the Sandusky area. The investment Cedar Point is making to expand its park will provide a needed boost to construction firms and the broader economy in Sandusky, statewide and across the country, said Brian Turmail, executive director of public affairs for the Arlington, Va. -based Associated General Contractors of America. As the park expands, thousands of construction workers and people employed in related professions will earn good wages and invest them back in a host of businesses throughout Ohio and the nation. (Walt, 2013) Cedar Point adds a new attraction every year. This means money sent into Erie County every year. In money paid to workers and businesses that set up the attractions. And for every new attraction the property is valued higher. This means taxes paid to the county are higher. They are also very generous with local charities. Each year they auction off the first rides on the new attractions. This brings in tens of thousands of dollars to the charities that are given the opportunity to auction the tickets. This year Cleveland Clinics Children’s Hospital and United Way of Erie County are the two lucky charities to benefit. Cedar Point sponsors a triathlon every year. Charities and local groups can apply to be the recipients of the profits of the sign up funds. This year they are also donating ten cents for every person that rides one of three merry go rounds in the month of July. Those funds are being donated to Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital. Finally, Cedar Point employees gather the loose change that is found dropped on the midway and under the rollercoasters. They take those funds and any coins tossed in the various fountains and deposit them into the â€Å"Loose Change Fund†. These funds are donated to various charities every year. â€Å"Throughout its 20-year history, the Loose Change Fund has donated more than $182,000 to various agencies including hospital pediatric wards, food pantries and other organizations that benefit children or families. (Zelm, 2010) These expansions and charitable giving along with the tourist money are a great boon for the county. Cedar Point has been a great asset to the area for over 100 years.

The Byronic Hero Destiny and Russian Romanticism Essay Example

The Byronic Hero Destiny and Russian Romanticism Paper Irena Curic dr. sc. Janja Ciglar-Zanic, red. prof. English Romanticism 08 January 2013 The Byronic Hero and Russian Romanticism Introduction George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, or simply Lord Byron, was a British poet of Scottish descent who is today considered to be the most influential British poet of the Romantic period (Catherine B. ONeill calls him the best-known nineteenth-century British poet outside England).His adventourous character and wild but appealing works made him famous throughout Europe. He died in Greece during the countrys war of Independence and became a legend. He was only 36 when he died but his influence was massive. His works, mostly Childe Harolds Pilgrimage and Don Juan, but also Mazeppa, the Corsair and the Prisoner of Chillon were read among the intelectual elite of the whole Europe and many poets and intelectuals became inspired to write their own works in style of Byron.It was the idea of national identity, so popular in the 19th century, that Byron s upported during his life, and the fact that he wrote about the exotic lands and their pains under the tyranny of the oppressors that made him especially popular in moulding of the new nations and their identities in southern and eastern Europe (Hocutt: Byrons influence as individual and author seemed always to have greater impact outside of England than within his prudish homeland. While imitators and admirers of Byron the individual and author could be found throughout Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Turkey, and Russia, little more than harsh criticism for his works and exile for his lifestyle emanated from his sometimes beloved, sometimes criticized native Britain, even after his death. ). Apart from his political influence, he was just as appealing to the youth who saw his quests and deeds as an impetus to rebel. In the eyes of his time, Byron was primarily looked upon as an outlaw, an immoral man. He had an affair with his stepsister and was openly sceptic of religion and political institutions.His works were filled with descriptions of decandence and abomination. His demonic heroes with weak moral compass became iconic for the writers who would be influenced by Byron. Catherine B. ONeill wrote: Childe Harold took the world by storm because of many features that we now think of as characteristic of Romantic poetry: the subjective experience of the natural wor ld, the high degree of identification between the author and the hero, the motif of a journey that is simulatneously literal and psychological, and, primarily, the isolated heros mysterious disenchantment and heartache. We will write a custom essay sample on The Byronic Hero Destiny and Russian Romanticism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Byronic Hero Destiny and Russian Romanticism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Byronic Hero Destiny and Russian Romanticism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Byronic hero had become a specific literary type of hero who very much resembles the writer alone. It is usually a young male (although there are female examples) who is constantly bored and unsatisfied. His spleen drives him to a constant search for new sensations, which rarely give him pleasure. He prefers solitude to the company of others and feels much more connected to nature than to people: Now Harold finds himself at lenght alone, And bade to Christian tongues a long adieu; Now he adventurd on a shore unknown, Which all admire, but many dread to view:His breast was armd `gainst fate, his wants were few; Peril he sought not, but neer shrank to meet, The scene was savage, but the scene was new; This made the ceaseless toil of travel sweet, Beat back keen winters blast, and welcomd summers heat. He finds particular characteristics of savageness to be more truthfull than society of his day which he finds corrupt and dishonest: The royal vices of our age demand A keener weapon, and a mightier hand. He takes great pleasure in satirizing contemporary events and social currents: Prepare for rhyme-I`ll publish, right or wrong: Fools are my theme, let Satire be my song. It is no secret that Byron shaped his demonic hero on his own character and his own experiences. The real background of his poems makes his scenes and adventures seem more vivid and close to the reader. So it is no wonder that his straightforward style and his hatred of censorship met with such international adoration. Byron in Russia When Byrons works conquered Europe, his influence very quickly reached Russia where his works, especially Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, inspired two of the greatest Russian Romantic writers – Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. When his work came to Russia, it became an instant hit among Russian authors.Even the very young authors, who would later shape the Russian realism, like Turgenev, read and admired Byrons work. Daniel Hocutt writes that Most Russian writers viewed Byrons work in one of two ways: late sentimentalists admired his vivid and tender sensitivity; later Romantics emphasized their heros bleak colouring and rebellious passions . Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was the first Russian author to publicly praise Byron and openly imitate his style. E ugene Onegin: the first Russian Byronic hero? Alexander Pushkin was the first authentic Russian Romantic poet and the leader of the National Romantic movement.He appreciated Byron and used the motive of the Byronic hero in his best known work Eugene Onegin. Pushkin imitated high Byronism in his narrative poems and lyrics written in Southern Russia between 1820 and 1824 Readers compared Pushkins and Byrons lives, focusing on sexual scandal, exile, and advocacy for Greek and other nationalist movements. Pushkin briefly encouraged such comparisons, announcing in 1822 that his new poem-in-progress, Eugene Onegin, was in spirit of Don Juan, but he quickly backtracked when his satire suffered from comparison to Byrons. Eugene Onegin, the protagonist of the work, is a young man who suffers from the typical Romantic boredom, the spleen. The work begins when Eugene grows bored of St. Petersburg (city, the very place of corruption) and wants to run away from his life there. He has even grown t ired of women and has given up his books. After death of his uncle, he goes away to the countryside. There he meets a young woman Tatyana who falls in love with him. However, being a cold Romantic outsider, Eugene politely turns her down only to fall in love with her in the end of the story.But then it is her turn to turn him down because she has a husband and does not want to compromise her pride and reputation. Although Pushkin tried to make his main character resemble a Byronic hero (Eugene even has a picture of Byron on his shelf), when he gave him the power to confess his feelings and change his nature, he moved away from the original, thus creating a specific type of a Russian Romantic hero: a hero with pretensions to change his miserable destiny. A true Byronic hero would carry on with his fate, without trying to change it and would most certainly continue running away from his emotions.Byronic Hero of our Time Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was killed in a gun duel, much like his predecessor Pushkin, at an early age of 27. It is interesting that they both had their main characters fight duels in their books. Of course, Onegin and Pechorin both managed to save their lives. Mikhail Lermontov had a much more complicated relationship with his British idol. First, he admitted resemblance to Byron in his poem Dont think me worthy of pity and then stated that he is not Byron but a true Russian poet in his poem No, Im not Byron:No, Im not Byron; I am, yet, Another choice for the sacred dole, Like him a persecuted soul, But only of the Russian set. I early start and end the whole, And will not win the future days; Like in an ocean, in my soul, A cargo of lost hopes stays. Who, oh, my ocean severe, Could read all secrets in your scroll? Wholl tell the people my idea? Im God or no one at all! However, he is the Russian author who managed to come the closest to the original idea of a Byronic hero through the character of Pechorin in his work Hero of our Time.Although he made a whole list of Byronic references, such as doctor Verner having a limp, or Princess Mary reading Byron among other authors, it is the protagonist, Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin that captur es our imagination from the first page. He suffers from spleen, enjoys danger and seduction of beautiful women. He does not do it purely for the fun, which we can clearly see from his journal, but is afraid of commitment and therefore runs away from his feelings.He chooses to stay unhappy in order to keep his freedom: Id make any sacrifice but thistwenty times I can stake my life, even my honor, but my freedom Ill never sell. Why do I prize it so much? What do I find in it? What am I aiming at? What have I to expect from the future? Nothing, absolutely nothing. Its some innate fear, an inexplicable foreboding . . . Conclusion Russia of the early 19th century was a gloomy and turbulent place. It was a time of growing nationalist ideas and revolutionary thoughts, a time of lord Byrons literary influence. Byrons struggles and support for national and regional independence movements influenced Decembrists and other revolutionaries in the 1820s. One such revolutionary was Alexander Pushkin, most famous of the Russian Romantic poets, who was exiled to his mothers estate as a result of his involvement in and support of the 1825 uprising. Pushkins impact on Russian Romanticism cannot be minimized, particularly as it relates to Mikhail Lermontov, the last famous Russian Romantic writer. Voraciously reading Byrons poetry and prose in the original, in translation, and in loose interpretation, these Russian writers dedicated themselves for over a decade to write as Byron wrote and to live as Byron lived. Both Pushkin and Lermontov thoroughly read and enjoyed Byrons work and each of them by being a bit of Byronic her oes themselves, helped to shape a new type of a Russian Romantic hero.